Instinctively I'd say the Crusades, there's a lot there about European politics and the relation we had to the church at that time twhich could be explored. Talking about individuals seems less interesting, at least to me. Though I can't claim great knowledge on any of these topics.
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Supporting big shoulderpads and flashy armor since 2004.
Dude i voted for the crusades... There was a sick ass racist pope so he sent everybody to cleanse the land from people at some fucked up places and causing wars and shit but also has many other aspects that we learn of, such as the impact of such a crusade on the demography, etc...
I'll be the odd man out and say Alexander the Great. The influence he spread helped build the basis for the modern Western world. Don't talk so much about the man himself about his influence on the development of human society.
He's a bamf.
Rise and rise again, until lambs become lions